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    • Jenkins μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κΈ°
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  • 개발 방법둠
    • TDD
  • Spring
    • IoC
    • Is Spring Bean Thread-Safe?
    • Spring Singleton
    • Component Scan
    • Spring Annotation
    • 의쑴 관계 μ£Όμž…(DI)
    • Lombok ν™œμš©ν•˜κΈ°
    • Bean 생λͺ…주기와 콜백
    • Bean Scope
    • AOP(1) - AOPλž€
    • AOP(2) - Aop Proxy
    • AOP(3) - Dynamic Proxy
    • AOP(4) - AspectJ
    • POJO
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    • Transaction
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    • JPA Entity
    • Spring Data JPA
    • Spring Data Specification
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    • Cache
    • restTemplate
    • YAML 파일 μ„€μ •
    • Spring Boot
      • H2 DB μ„€μ •
      • 닀쀑 λ°μ΄ν„°λ² μ΄μŠ€ μ„€μ •
      • Mybatis μ—°λ™ν•˜κΈ°
    • Spring Batch
      • Batch μ‹œμž‘ν•΄λ³΄κΈ°
      • Batch Job Flow
      • Job
      • Step
      • Batch Scope & Job Parameter
      • JobRepository와 λ©”νƒ€ν…Œμ΄λΈ”
      • Chunk μ§€ν–₯ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž˜λ°
      • ItemReader
      • ItemProcessor
      • ItemWriter
      • Batch Schedular
      • Job별 Beanλ“±λ‘ν•˜κΈ°
      • Batch κ΅¬ν˜„μ‹œ λ°œμƒν•œ 였λ₯˜ 정리
      • Spring Batch Scaling
        • Multithread Jobκ΅¬ν˜„μ‹œ μ΄μŠˆμ‚¬ν•­
    • Spring test
      • Junit5
        • ν…ŒμŠ€νŠΈ 이름 ν‘œκΈ°
        • ν…ŒμŠ€νŠΈ κ·Έλ£Ή μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ 관계
        • νƒœκ·Έμ™€ 필터링
        • 동적 ν…ŒμŠ€νŠΈ
        • ν…ŒμŠ€νŠΈ LifeCycle
        • ν…ŒμŠ€νŠΈ λ©”μ„œλ“œ
        • ν…ŒμŠ€νŠΈ μˆœμ„œ
        • AssertJ
        • ν…ŒμŠ€νŠΈ 병렬 μ‹€ν–‰
        • AssertJ
        • Mock
      • Spring Boot Test DB 뢄리
      • Spring Batch Test
  • Web Application
    • Web Server & WAS
    • κ΄€λ ¨ κ°œλ… - HTTP API, HTML, CSR, SSR
    • Servlet
    • JSP
    • Cookie And Session
    • μ˜ˆμ™ΈνŽ˜μ΄μ§€
    • Java Bean
    • JDBC
    • Connection Pool
    • 파일 μ—…λ‘œλ“œ
    • Expression Language
    • JSTL
    • FrontControllerνŒ¨ν„΄ Command νŒ¨ν„΄
    • Forwarding
    • MVC
    • νšŒμ›κ°€μž…μ˜ˆμ œ
    • μ°Έκ³ 
      • κ°œλ°œν™˜κ²½μ„€μ •
  • Java+
    • SOAP/WSDL vs REST
    • WSDL을 JAVA둜 λ³€ν™˜ν•˜κΈ°
    • SOAP 톡신 OPEN API둜 κ°œλ°œν•΄λ³΄κΈ°
  • Java
    • Basic
      • λ³€μˆ˜μ™€ νƒ€μž…
      • μ—°μ‚°μž
      • 쑰건문과 반볡문
      • μ°Έμ‘° νƒ€μž…
      • 클래슀
      • 상속(Inheritance)
      • μΈν„°νŽ˜μ΄μŠ€(Interface)
      • 쀑첩 ν΄λž˜μŠ€μ™€ 쀑첩 μΈν„°νŽ˜μ΄μŠ€
      • μ˜ˆμ™Έ 처리
      • API - Object, System, Class, Math, Wrapper
      • API - String, StringBuffer, StringBuilder
      • Thread
      • Generic
      • Lambda
      • Collection - List, Set
      • Collection - Map
      • Collection - Tree
      • Collection - Stack, Queue
      • Stream
      • Reflection
      • μ •κ·œν‘œν˜„μ‹
      • GUI
      • UML
      • Serializable
    • Advanced
      • OutOfMemoryError
      • AutoValue
      • meta-annotation
        • @Retention
        • @Target
        • @Repeatable
    • Effective Java 3/E
      • ITEM 1: Static Factory Method(정적 λ©”μ†Œλ“œ)
      • ITEM 2: Builder Pattern
      • ITEM 3: Singleton
      • ITEM 4: Private Constructor
      • ITEM 5: Dependency Injection
      • ITEM 6: Avoid Unnecessary Object
      • ITEM 7: Eliminate Object Reference
      • ITEM 8: Avoid finalizer and cleaner
      • ITEM 9: try-with-resources
      • ITEM 10: The gerneral contract when overriding equlas
      • ITEM 11: Overriding hashCode
      • ITEM 12: overriding toString
      • ITEM 13: overriding clone judiciously
      • ITEM 14: Consider implementing comparable
      • ITEM 15: ν΄λž˜μŠ€μ™€ λ©€λ²„μ˜ 접근을 μ΅œμ†Œν™”ν•΄λΌ
      • ITEM 16: Use Accessor methods
      • ITEM 17: λ³€κ²½ κ°€λŠ₯성을 μ΅œμ†Œν™”ν•΄λΌ(λΆˆλ³€ 클래슀)
      • ITEM 18: 상속보단 μ»΄ν¬μ§€μ…˜μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•΄λΌ
      • ITEM 19: 상속을 κ³ λ €ν•΄ μ„€κ³„ν•˜κ³  λ¬Έμ„œν™”ν•΄λΌ
      • ITEM 20: 좔상 ν΄λž˜μŠ€λ³΄λ‹€ μΈν„°νŽ˜μ΄μŠ€λ₯Ό μš°μ„ ν•˜λΌ
      • ITEM 21: μΈν„°νŽ˜μ΄μŠ€λŠ” κ΅¬ν˜„ν•˜λŠ” μͺ½μ„ 생각해 섀계해라.
      • ITEM 22: μΈν„°νŽ˜μ΄μŠ€λŠ” νƒ€μž…μ„ μ •μ˜ν•˜λŠ” μš©λ„λ‘œλ§Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•΄λΌ
      • ITEM 23: νƒœκ·Έ 달린 ν΄λž˜μŠ€λ³΄λ‹€ 클래슀 계측ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό ν™œμš©ν•΄λΌ
      • ITEM 24: 멀버 ν΄λž˜μŠ€λŠ” λ˜λ„λ‘ static으둜 κ΅¬ν˜„ν•΄λΌ
      • ITEM 25: ν†±λ ˆλ²¨ ν΄λž˜μŠ€λŠ” ν•œ νŒŒμΌμ— ν•˜λ‚˜λ§Œ 생성해라.
      • ITEM 26: Raw type은 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ§€ 마라
      • ITEM 27: 비검사 κ²½κ³ λ₯Ό μ œκ±°ν•΄λΌ
      • ITEM 28: λ°°μ—΄λ³΄λ‹€λŠ” 리슀트λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄λΌ
      • ITEM 29: 이왕이면 μ œλ„€λ¦­ νƒ€μž…μœΌλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λΌ
      • ITEM 30: 이왕이면 μ œλ„€λ¦­ λ©”μ„œλ“œλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λΌ
      • ITEM 31 : ν•œμ •μ  μ™€μΌλ“œμΉ΄λ“œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄ API μœ μ—°μ„±μ„ 높여라
      • ITEM 32: μ œλ„€λ¦­κ³Ό κ°€λ³€μΈμˆ˜λ₯Ό ν•¨κ»˜ μ“Έ λ•ŒλŠ” 신쀑해라
      • ITEM 33: νƒ€μž… μ•ˆμ „ 이쒅 μ»¨ν…Œμ΄λ„ˆλ₯Ό 고렀해라
      • ITEM 34: int μƒμˆ˜ λŒ€μ‹  μ—΄κ±° νƒ€μž…μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•΄λΌ
      • ITEM 35: ordinal λ©”μ„œλ“œ λŒ€μ‹  μΈμŠ€ν„΄μŠ€ ν•„λ“œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄λΌ
      • ITEM 36: λΉ„νŠΈ ν•„λ“œ λŒ€μ‹  EnumSet을 μ‚¬μš©ν•΄λΌ
      • ITEM 37: ordinal 인덱싱 λŒ€μ‹  EnumMap을 μ‚¬μš©ν•΄λΌ
      • TEM 38 : ν™•μž₯ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μ—΄κ±°νƒ€μž…μ΄ ν•„μš”ν•˜λ©΄ μΈν„°νŽ˜μ΄μŠ€λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄λΌ
      • ITEM 39: λͺ…λͺ… νŒ¨ν„΄λ³΄λ‹€ μ• λ„ˆν…Œμ΄μ…˜μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•΄λΌ
      • ITEM 40: @Override μ–΄λ…Έν…Œμ΄μ…˜μ„ μΌκ΄€λ˜κ²Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•΄λΌ
      • ITEM 41: μ •μ˜ν•˜λ €λŠ” 것이 νƒ€μž…μ΄λΌλ©΄ 마컀 μΈν„°νŽ˜μ΄μŠ€λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄λΌ
      • ITEM 42: 읡λͺ… ν΄λž˜μŠ€λ³΄λ‹€λŠ” λžŒλ‹€λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄λΌ
      • ITEM 43: λžŒλ‹€λ³΄λ‹€λŠ” λ©”μ„œλ“œ μ°Έμ‘°λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄λΌ
      • ITEM 44: ν‘œμ€€ ν•¨μˆ˜ν˜• μΈν„°νŽ˜μ΄μŠ€λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄λΌ
      • ITEM 45: μŠ€νŠΈλ¦Όμ€ μ£Όμ˜ν•΄μ„œ μ‚¬μš©ν•΄λΌ
      • ITEM 46: μŠ€νŠΈλ¦Όμ—μ„œ λΆ€μž‘μš© μ—†λŠ” ν•¨μˆ˜λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄λΌ
      • ITEM 47: λ°˜ν™˜ νƒ€μž…μœΌλ‘œλŠ” μŠ€νŠΈλ¦Όλ³΄λ‹€ μ»¬λ ‰μ…˜μ΄ λ‚«λ‹€.
      • ITEM 48: 슀트림 λ³‘λ ¬ν™”λŠ” μ£Όμ˜ν•΄μ„œ μ‚¬μš©ν•΄λΌ
      • ITEM 49: λ§€κ°œλ³€μˆ˜κ°€ μœ νš¨ν•œμ§€ 검사해라
      • ITEM 50: μ μ‹œμ— 방어적 볡사본을 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λΌ
      • ITEM 51: λ©”μ„œλ“œ μ‹œκ·Έλ‹ˆμ²˜λ₯Ό μ‹ μ€‘νžˆ 섀계해라
      • ITEM 52: λ‹€μ€‘μ •μ˜λŠ” μ‹ μ€‘νžˆ μ‚¬μš©ν•΄λΌ
      • ITEM 53: κ°€λ³€μΈμˆ˜λŠ” μ‹ μ€‘νžˆ μ‚¬μš©ν•΄λΌ
      • ITEM 54: null이 μ•„λ‹Œ, 빈 μ»¬λ ‰μ…˜μ΄λ‚˜ 배열을 λ°˜ν™˜ν•΄λΌ
      • ITEM 55: Optional λ°˜ν™˜μ€ μ‹ μ€‘ν•˜κ²Œ 해라
      • ITEM 56: 곡개된 API μš”μ†Œμ—λŠ” 항상 주석을 μž‘μ„±ν•΄λΌ
      • ITEM 57: μ§€μ—­λ³€μˆ˜μ˜ λ²”μœ„λ₯Ό μ΅œμ†Œν™”ν•΄λΌ
      • ITEM 58: 전톡적인 for λ¬Έλ³΄λ‹€λŠ” for-each문을 μ‚¬μš©ν•΄λΌ
      • ITEM 59: 라이브러리λ₯Ό 읡히고 μ‚¬μš©ν•΄λΌ
      • ITEM 60: μ •ν™•ν•œ 닡이 ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€λ©΄ float와 double은 피해라
      • ITEM 61: λ°•μ‹±λœ κΈ°λ³Έ νƒ€μž…λ³΄λ‹€λŠ” κΈ°λ³Έ νƒ€μž…μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•΄λΌ
      • ITEM 62: λ‹€λ₯Έ νƒ€μž…μ΄ μ μ ˆν•˜λ‹€λ©΄ λ¬Έμžμ—΄ μ‚¬μš©μ„ 피해라
      • ITEM 63: λ¬Έμžμ—΄ 연결은 λŠλ¦¬λ‹ˆ μ£Όμ˜ν•΄λΌ
      • ITEM 64: κ°μ²΄λŠ” μΈν„°νŽ˜μ΄μŠ€λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄ 참쑰해라
      • ITEM 65: λ¦¬ν”Œλ ‰μ…˜λ³΄λ‹€λŠ” μΈν„°νŽ˜μ΄μŠ€λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄λΌ
      • ITEM 66: λ„€μ΄ν‹°λΈŒ λ©”μ„œλ“œλŠ” μ‹ μ€‘νžˆ μ‚¬μš©ν•΄λΌ
      • ITEM 67: μ΅œμ ν™”λŠ” μ‹ μ€‘νžˆ 해라
      • ITEM 68: 일반적으둜 ν†΅μš©λ˜λŠ” λͺ…λͺ… κ·œμΉ™μ„ 따라라
    • 객체지ν–₯ 섀계 원칙(SOLID)
    • λ””μžμΈνŒ¨ν„΄
      • Strategy Pattern
      • Template Method Pattern
      • Factory Method Pattern
      • Singleton
      • Delegation
      • Proxy
      • Adapter Pattern
    • μ‹€μŠ΅
      • μΈν„°νŽ˜μ΄μŠ€ μ‹€μŠ΅ - Vehicle
      • μΈν„°νŽ˜μ΄μŠ€ μ‹€μŠ΅ - Remote
      • GUI μ‹€μŠ΅ - Calculator
      • GUI μ‹€μŠ΅ - button
      • GUI μ‹€μŠ΅ - lotto
      • Thread μ‹€μŠ΅ - μ’Œμ„μ˜ˆμ•½, 메세지보내기
    • Jar vs War
  • λ°μ΄ν„°λ² μ΄μŠ€
    • KEY
    • Index
    • Transaction
    • Trigger
    • Procedure / Function
    • Package
    • λ°μ΄ν„°λ² μ΄μŠ€ 배움터
      • λ°μ΄ν„°λ² μ΄μŠ€ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ
      • 관계데이터 λͺ¨λΈ
      • κ΄€κ³„λŒ€μˆ˜μ™€ SQL
    • MySQL
      • Databaseλž€
      • MySQL μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κΈ°
      • MySQL Database
      • MySQL Table
      • CRUD
      • κ΄€κ³„ν˜• λ°μ΄ν„°λ² μ΄μŠ€
      • Server와 Client
    • PostgreSQL
    • NoSQL
      • Install Cassandra on mac
      • Cassandraλž€?
      • NiFiλž€
  • Algorithm
    • String
    • Recursion
    • Dynamic Programming
    • Array, Struct, Pointer
    • Math
    • Sort
    • List
    • Stack
    • Queue
    • Graph
    • Tree
    • Maze
    • AVL
    • μ΄μ§„νƒμƒ‰νŠΈλ¦¬(Binary Search Tree)
    • DFS와 BFS
    • λ‹€μ΅μŠ€νŠΈλΌ μ•Œκ³ λ¦¬μ¦˜(Dijkstra's Algorithm)
    • Red-Black 트리
    • A* μ•Œκ³ λ¦¬μ¦˜
    • Heap
    • Huffman Coding
    • Priority Queue
    • Bellman-Ford μ•Œκ³ λ¦¬μ¦˜
    • C++
      • Class
      • STL
        • STL pair
        • STL Container - Associate Container
        • STL Container - Sequence Container
        • STL Container - Container Adapter
  • JavaScript
    • JABASCRIPT BASIC
    • Shallow Copy vs Deep Copy
    • OBJECT MODEL
    • NODE
    • 동기 처리 vs 비동기 처리
    • AJAX
    • CALLBACK
    • PROMISE
    • DEFERRER
    • UNDERSCORE
    • WEBPACK
    • SCOPE
    • EXECUTION CONTEXT
    • Image Object
    • BFCacheλž€?
    • history.scrollRestoration
    • Intersection Observer
    • JWT - JSON Web Token
    • HTML vs JSON
  • Vue.js
    • ν™˜κ²½μ„€μ •
    • Vue.jsλž€?
    • Vue Instance
    • Vue Component
    • Vue Router
    • HTTP 톡신
    • Template
    • Single File Component
    • Vue Animation
    • Vuex
    • Djnago와 μ—°λ™ν•˜κΈ°
  • Backbone.js
    • Model
    • Collection
    • Sync
    • view
  • Node.js
    • Doit! - λ…Έλ“œλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆλŠ” λŒ€ν‘œμ μΈ μ„œλ²„μ™€ μš©λ„
    • Doit! - λ…Έλ“œμ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ•Œμ•„λ³΄κ³  개발 도ꡬ μ„€μΉ˜ν•˜κΈ°
    • Doit! - λ…Έλ“œ κ°„λ‹¨ν•˜κ²Œ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κΈ°
    • Doit! - λ…Έλ“œμ˜ μžλ°”μŠ€ν¬λ¦½νŠΈμ™€ μΉœν•΄μ§€κΈ°
    • Doit! - λ…Έλ“œμ˜ κΈ°λ³Έ κΈ°λŠ₯ μ•Œμ•„λ³΄κΈ°
    • Doit! - μ›Ή μ„œλ²„ λ§Œλ“€κΈ°
    • Doit! - λ°μ΄ν„°λ² μ΄μŠ€ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κΈ°
    • Doit! - μ΅μŠ€ν”„λ ˆμŠ€ ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈλ₯Ό λͺ¨λ“ˆν™”ν•˜κΈ°
    • Doit! - λ·° ν…œν”Œλ¦Ώ μ μš©ν•˜κΈ°
    • Doit! - 패슀포트둜 μ‚¬μš©μž μΈμ¦ν•˜κΈ°
    • Doit! - μ±„νŒ…μ„œλ²„ λ§Œλ“€κΈ°
    • Doit! - JSON-RPC μ„œλ²„ λ§Œλ“€κΈ°
  • Python
    • Warning-Could not import the lzma module
    • Pandas
      • Pandas 자료ꡬ쑰
      • Pandas 데이터 μž…μΆœλ ₯
      • DataFrame Data μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κΈ°
      • μ‹œκ°ν™” 도ꡬ - Matplotlib
  • ML
    • μΆ”μ²œ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ
      • Collaborative Filtering
      • Matrix Factorization
  • Django
    • Basic
      • ν™˜κ²½μ„€μ •
      • About Django
      • Start Django Project
      • Secret Key κ΄€λ¦¬ν•˜κΈ°
      • Settings λΆ„λ¦¬ν•˜κΈ°
      • Django App
      • Django View & URL (1)
      • Django Model
        • MySQL 연동
      • Django Admin
      • Django View & URL (2)
      • Django Template
      • Django Template & View & URL
      • Django Static
      • Django form
    • Advanced
      • Django Generic View
      • Django Automated Testing
      • Django Extenstion Template
      • Django Model Package
      • Django OpenSSL setting
    • REST framework
      • Rest API
      • Serializers
      • ViewSet
    • Error
      • ν™˜κ²½μ„€μ • zlib 였λ₯˜λ°œμƒ
      • ModuleNotFoundError
    • νŒ¨ν‚€μ§€
      • django-debug-toolbar
    • Vue.js μ—°λ™ν•˜κΈ°
  • Ruby
    • variable & input/output
    • 쑰건문
    • 반볡문
    • Array & Hash
    • Method
    • Proc&Lamda
    • Class
  • Ruby on Rails
    • Scaffolding
    • Controller
    • Model
    • Model-M:N relation
    • Model Validation
    • 멋사 10μ£Όμ°¨ μˆ˜μ—…(Tip)
  • HTML/CSS
    • Udacity - Intro to HTML/CSS
    • Udacity - Responsive Web Design
    • Udacity - Responsive Images
    • HTML Basic
    • CSS Basic
    • HTML5 Sementic Tag
    • HTML ν…μŠ€νŠΈ κ΄€λ ¨ νƒœκ·Έλ“€
    • HTML5 λ©€ν‹°λ―Έλ””μ–΄
    • HTML 폼 κ΄€λ ¨ νƒœκ·Έλ“€
    • ν…μŠ€νŠΈ κ΄€λ ¨ μŠ€νƒ€μΌ
    • 색상과 배경을 μœ„ν•œ μŠ€νƒ€μΌ
    • λ ˆμ΄μ•„μ›ƒμ„ μœ„ν•œ μŠ€νƒ€μΌ
    • CSS 포지셔닝
    • λ‹€μž¬λ‹€λŠ₯ν•œ CSS3 μ„ νƒμž
    • CSS와 μ• λ‹ˆλ©”μ΄μ…˜
    • λ°˜μ‘ν˜• μ›Ήμ΄λž€?
  • OS(운영체제)
    • Linux
      • Daemon
      • Cron
      • ν”„λ‘œμ„ΈμŠ€ κ΄€λ ¨ λͺ…λ Ήμ–΄
      • ν…μŠ€νŠΈ 파일 λͺ…λ Ήμ–΄
  • Network
    • λ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬ κΈ°λ³Έ κ°œλ…
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  • ꡬ쑰체
  • 객체 μ§€ν–₯ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž˜λ°μ˜ νŠΉμ§•
  • μ ‘κ·Ό ν•œμ •μž
  • μƒμ„±μž(Constructure)
  • μ†Œλ©Έμž(Destructor)
  • 상속(Inheritance)
  • μ˜€λ²„λΌμ΄λ”©(Overriding)
  • 닀쀑상속(Multipple Inheritance)
  • μ˜€λ²„λ‘œλ”©(Overloading)
  • μΊ‘μŠν™”(Encapsulation)
  • Friend Class
  • 정적 멀버
  • μƒμˆ˜ 멀버(Constant Member)
  • λ‹€ν˜•μ„±(Polymorphism)
  • 동적바인딩(Dynamic Binding)
  • κ°€μƒν•¨μˆ˜
  • μΆ”μƒν΄λž˜μŠ€
  • ν…œν”Œλ¦Ώ
  • ν•¨μˆ˜ ν…œν”Œλ¦Ώ(Function Template)
  • 클래슀 ν…œν”Œλ¦Ώ
  • Smart Pointer

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  1. Algorithm
  2. C++

Class

일반적으둜 c++의 ν΄λž˜μŠ€λŠ” ꡬ쑰체보닀 더 효과적인 문법이닀. ꡬ쑰체와 ν΄λž˜μŠ€λŠ” 거의 ν‘μ‚¬ν•˜κ²Œ λ™μž‘ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, ν΄λž˜μŠ€μ—μ„œλŠ” λ‚΄λΆ€μ μœΌλ‘œ ν•¨μˆ˜ 등을 포함할 수 μžˆλ‹€.

ν΄λž˜μŠ€λŠ” 상속 κ°œλ…μ„ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž˜λ°μ—μ„œ κ·ΈλŒ€λ‘œ μ΄μš©ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” μ μ—μ„œ 객체 μ§€ν–₯ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž˜λ°(OOP)을 κ°€μ¦ν•˜λ„λ‘ ν•΄μ£ΌλŠ” κΈ°λ³Έλ‹¨μœ„μ΄λ‹€.

ꡬ쑰체

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

struct student{
    string name;
    int score;
};
int main(){
    struct student a;
    a.name = "ν…ŒμŠ€νŠΈ";
    a.score = 90;

    cout << a.name << " : "<< a.score << endl;  
    return 0;
}

객체 μ§€ν–₯ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž˜λ°μ˜ νŠΉμ§•

객체 μ§€ν–₯ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž˜λ°μ€ λ‹€μŒκ³Ό 같은 νŠΉμ§•λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ†ŒμŠ€μ½”λ“œλ₯Ό 보닀 κ°„κ²°ν•˜κ³  생산성 λ†’κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ€€λ‹€.

  • 좔상화(Abstract)

  • μΊ‘μŠν™”(Encapsulation)

  • 상속성(Inheritance)

  • 정보 은닉(Data Hiding)

  • λ‹€ν˜•μ„±(Polymorphism)

class Student {
// 멀버 λ³€μˆ˜λŠ” 속성(property)라고 λΆ€λ₯Έλ‹€.
private:
    string name;
    int score;
// 객체의 μ™ΈλΆ€μ—μ„œ μ ‘κ·Όν•  수 μžˆλŠ”
public:
    // μƒμ„±μž
    Student(string n, int s){ 
        name = n;
        score = s;
    }
    // 멀버 ν•¨μˆ˜(Method)
    void show(){
        cout << name << " : " << score << endl;
    }
};

C++ 클래슀λ₯Ό ν™œμš©ν•΄ λ§Œλ“  λ³€μˆ˜λ₯Ό instance라고 ν•œλ‹€.

int main(){
    // s1이 μΈμŠ€ν„΄μŠ€
    Student s1 = Student("test", 100);
}

기본적으둜 ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ ν΄λž˜μŠ€μ—μ„œ μƒμ„±λœ μΈμŠ€ν„΄μŠ€λŠ” μ„œλ‘œ λ…λ¦½λœ λ©”λͺ¨λ¦¬ μ˜μ—­μ— 멀버 λ³€μˆ˜κ°€ μ €μž₯되고, κ΄€λ¦¬λœλ‹€. λ‹€λ§Œ 멀버 ν•¨μˆ˜λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  μΈμŠ€ν„΄μŠ€κ°€ κ³΅μœ ν•œλ‹€λŠ” μ μ—μ„œ, ν•¨μˆ˜ λ‚΄μ—μ„œ μΈμŠ€ν„΄μŠ€λ₯Ό ꡬ뢄할 ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆλ‹€. c++ this ν¬μΈν„°λŠ” 포인터 μžλ£Œν˜•μœΌλ‘œ, μƒμˆ˜λΌλŠ” μ μ—μ„œ 값을 λ³€κ²½ν•  수 μ—†λ‹€.

class Student {
// 내뢀적인 객체
private:
    string name;
    int englishScore;
    int mathScore;
    int getSum() { return englishScore + mathScore;}
// 객체의 μ™ΈλΆ€μ—μ„œ μ ‘κ·Όν•  수 μžˆλŠ”
public:
    // μƒμ„±μž
    Student(string name, int englishScore, int mathScore){ 
        // 자기 μžμ‹ μ˜ 멀버 λ³€μˆ˜μ— μ ‘κ·Όν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” this μ‚¬μš©
        this->name = name;
        this->englishScore = englishScore;
        this->mathScore = mathScore;
    }
    void show(){
        cout << name << " : " << getSum() << endl;
    }
};

μ ‘κ·Ό ν•œμ •μž

  • public : 클래슀, 멀버 등을 μ™ΈλΆ€λ‘œ κ³΅κ°œν•œλ‹€. ν•΄λ‹Ή 객체λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” μ–΄λ–€ κ³³μ—μ„œλ„ μ ‘κ·Όν•  수 μžˆλ‹€.

  • private : 클래슀, 멀버 등을 λ‚΄λΆ€μ—μ„œλ§Œ ν™œμš©ν•œλ‹€. μ™ΈλΆ€μ—μ„œ ν•΄λ‹Ή 객체에 μ ‘κ·Όν•  수 μ—†λ‹€.

ν΄λž˜μŠ€λŠ” κΈ°λ³Έ 멀버λ₯Ό private ν˜•νƒœλ‘œ κ°„μ£Όν•œλ‹€.(private:λ₯Ό μ œμ™Έν•˜λ©΄ λ©€λ²„λŠ” μžλ™μœΌλ‘œ private 문법을 따름) λ°˜λŒ€λ‘œ κ΅¬μ‘°μ²΄λŠ” 기본적으둜 멀버λ₯Ό public으둜 κ°„μ£Όν•œλ‹€.

μƒμ„±μž(Constructure)

μƒμ„±μžλ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•΄ 객체λ₯Ό 생성함과 λ™μ‹œμ— 멀버 λ³€μˆ˜λ₯Ό μ΄ˆκΈ°ν™”ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€. μƒμ„±μžλŠ” νŠΉλ³„ν•œ λ©”μ†Œλ“œλ‘œ, 클래슀의 이름과 λ™μΌν•œ μ΄λ¦„μ˜ λ©”μ†Œλ“œλ‘œ κ΅¬ν˜„λœλ‹€. μƒμ„±μžλŠ” λ°˜ν™˜ 값이 μ—†μœΌλ©°, μ—¬λŸ¬λ²ˆ μ •μ˜λ˜μ–΄ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ 객체λ₯Ό μ΄ˆκΈ°ν™”ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€.

c++μ—μ„œλŠ” λ³„λ„λ‘œ μƒμ„±μžλ₯Ό κ΅¬ν˜„ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμœΌλ©΄ κΈ°λ³Έ μƒμ„±μž(Default Constructor)κ°€ μ‚¬μš©λœλ‹€. κΈ°λ³Έ μƒμ„±μžλŠ” λ§€κ°œλ³€μˆ˜λ₯Ό κ°€μ§€μ§€ μ•ŠμœΌλ©°, 멀버 λ³€μˆ˜λŠ” 0, NULLλ“±μ˜ κ°’μœΌλ‘œ μ΄ˆκΈ°ν™” λœλ‹€.

Copy Constructor(볡사 μƒμ„±μž)λŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ μΈμŠ€ν„΄μŠ€μ˜ μ°Έμ‘°λ₯Ό 인수둜 λ°›μ•„ κ·Έ μ°Έμ‘°λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•΄ μžμ‹ μ˜ μΈμŠ€ν„΄μŠ€λ₯Ό μ΄ˆκΈ°ν™”ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€. Deep Copyλ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•΄ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§„ μΈμŠ€ν„΄μŠ€λŠ” 기쑴의 μΈμŠ€ν„΄μŠ€μ™€ λ‹€λ₯Έ λ©”λͺ¨λ¦¬ 곡간에 ν• λ‹Ήλ˜μ–΄ 독립적이닀.

  • 얕은 볡사

Student(string name, int englishScore, int mathScore) : name(name), englishScore(englishScore), mathScore(mathScore) { }

λ‹€μŒκ³Ό 같이 μƒμ„±μžλ₯Ό ν•œμ€„λ‘œ μ€„μ—¬μ„œ μ“Έ 수 μžˆλ‹€.

  • κΉŠμ€ 볡사

// 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ Student μΈμŠ€ν„΄μŠ€λ₯Ό λ§€κ°œλ³€μˆ˜λ‘œ λ°›μ•„μ„œ μ΄ˆκΈ°ν™”ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€.
Student(const Student& other){
    name = other.name;
    englishScore = other.englishScore;
    mathScore = other.mathScore;
}
int main(){
    Student s1 = new Student("test", 100, 20);
    Student s2 = Student(*s1);
}

μ†Œλ©Έμž(Destructor)

μ†Œλ©ΈμžλŠ” 객체의 수λͺ…이 끝났을 λ•Œ 객체λ₯Ό μ œκ±°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ λͺ©μ μœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬μš©λœλ‹€. 객체의 수λͺ…이 끝났을 λ•Œ μžλ™μœΌλ‘œ μ»΄νŒŒμΌλŸ¬κ°€ μ†Œλ©Έμž ν•¨μˆ˜λ₯Ό ν˜ΈμΆœν•œλ‹€.

μ†Œλ©Έμžλ„ 클래슀의 이름과 λ™μΌν•˜λ©° λ¬Όκ²° 기호(~)λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•΄ μ •μ˜ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€.

~Student(){
    cout << " 객체가 μ†Œλ©Έλ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. " << endl;
}
int main(){
        Student* student1 = new Student("dahye", 100,100);
    student1->show();

    Student student2 = Student(*student1);
    student2.show();
    delete student1; // 동적할당을 μ΄μš©ν•œ μΈμŠ€ν„΄μŠ€λ§Œ μ„±κ³΅μ μœΌλ‘œ μ†Œλ©Έν•œλ‹€.
    // delete student2  동적할당을 μ΄μš©ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ μΈμŠ€ν„΄μŠ€λŠ” μ†Œλ©Έμ‹œν‚¬ 수 μ—†λ‹€.(μžλ™μ†Œλ©Έ)
}

상속(Inheritance)

μžμ‹ ν΄λž˜μŠ€κ°€ λΆ€λͺ¨ 클래슀의 속성을 κ·ΈλŒ€λ‘œ λ¬Όλ € λ°›μ•„ μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€. 상속을 ν™œμš©ν•΄ μ†ŒμŠ€μ½”λ“œμ˜ μž¬μ‚¬μš©μ„±μ„ 늘릴 수 μžˆλ‹€. μžμ‹ ν΄λž˜μŠ€λŠ” νŒŒμƒ 클래슀(Derived Class)라고도 뢈리며, λΆ€λͺ¨ 클래슀의 λͺ¨λ“  속성을 λ¬Όλ € λ°›λŠ”λ‹€. :을 ν™œμš©ν•΄ λΆ€λͺ¨ν΄λž˜μŠ€μ™€ 연결될 수 μžˆλ‹€.

class Person {
private:
    string name;
public:
    Person( string name ): name(name) { }
    string getName(){
        return name;
    }
    void showName(){
        cout << "이름 : "<< getName() << endl;
    }
};
class Student : Person{
private:
    int studentId;
public:
    // μƒμ„±μžμ—μ„œ name은 Person의 name을 상속받은 것
    Student(int studentId, string name) : Person(name) {
        this->studentId = studentId;
    }
    void show(){
        cout << "student id" << studentId << endl;
    }
};

μžμ‹ 클래슀의 μΈμŠ€ν„΄μŠ€λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€ λŒ€ κ°€μž₯ λ¨Όμ € λΆ€λͺ¨ 클래슀의 μƒμ„±μžκ°€ ν˜ΈμΆœλœλ‹€. μžμ‹ν΄λž˜μŠ€μ˜ 수λͺ…이 λ‹€ν–ˆμ„ λ•ŒλŠ” μžμ‹ 클래슀의 μ†Œλ©Έμžκ°€ λ¨Όμ € 호좜된 후에 λΆ€λͺ¨ 클래슀의 μ†Œλ©Έμžκ°€ ν˜ΈμΆœλœλ‹€.

μ˜€λ²„λΌμ΄λ”©(Overriding)

λΆ€λͺ¨ ν΄λž˜μŠ€μ—μ„œ μ •μ˜λœ ν•¨μˆ˜λ₯Ό λ¬΄μ‹œν•˜κ³ , μžμ‹ ν΄λž˜μŠ€μ—μ„œ λ™μΌν•œ μ΄λ¦„μ˜ ν•¨μˆ˜λ₯Ό μž¬μ •μ˜ν•˜λŠ” 문법. μ˜€λ²„λΌμ΄λ”©μ„ μ μš©ν•œ ν•¨μˆ˜μ˜ μ›ν˜•μ€ 기쑴의 ν•¨μˆ˜μ™€ λ™μΌν•œ λ§€κ°œλ³€μˆ˜λ₯Ό 전달 λ°›λŠ”λ‹€.

class Person {
private:
    string name;
public:
    Person( string name ): name(name) { }
    string getName(){
        return name;
    }
    void showName(){
        cout << "이름 : "<< getName() << endl;
    }
};
class Student : Person{
private:
    int studentId;
public:
    // μƒμ„±μžμ—μ„œ name은 Person의 name을 상속받은 것
    Student(int studentId, string name) : Person(name) {
        this->studentId = studentId;
    }
    void show(){
        cout << "student id" << studentId << endl;
    }
    void showName(){
        cout << "student name : "<< getName() << endl;
    }
};

닀쀑상속(Multipple Inheritance)

μ—¬λŸ¬κ°œμ˜ 클래슀λ₯Ό μƒμ†λ°›λŠ” 것이닀. 닀쀑상속을 μ§€μ›ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 많이 μ‚¬μš©λ˜μ§€λŠ” μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€.

class Student : Person, public Temp {
private:
    int studentId;
public:
    // μƒμ„±μžμ—μ„œ name은 Person의 name을 상속받은 것
    Student(int studentId, string name) : Person(name) {
        this->studentId = studentId;
    }
    void show(){
        cout << "student id" << studentId << endl;
    }
    void showName(){
        cout << "student name : "<< getName() << endl;
    }
};
  • μ—¬λŸ¬ 개의 λΆ€λͺ¨ ν΄λž˜μŠ€μ— λ™μΌν•œ 멀버가 μ‘΄μž¬ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€.

  • ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 클래슀λ₯Ό μ˜λ„μΉ˜ μ•Šκ²Œ μ—¬λŸ¬ 번 상속받을 κ°€λŠ₯성이 μžˆλ‹€.

μ˜€λ²„λ‘œλ”©(Overloading)

λ™μΌν•œ μ΄λ¦„μ˜ 멀버 ν•¨μˆ˜λ₯Ό λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ ν™œμš©ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ μ˜€λ²„λ‘œλ”©μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€.

  • ν•¨μˆ˜ μ˜€λ²„λ‘œλ”©

class Person {
private:
    string name;
public:
    // μƒμ„±μž μ˜€λ²„λ‘œλ”©
    Person() { name = "ν…ŒμŠ€νŠΈ"; }
    Person( string name ) : name(name) { }

    void showName(){
        cout << name << endl;
    }

};
int main(void){
    Person person1;
    person1.showName(); // ν…ŒμŠ€νŠΈ
    Person person2 = Person("ν…ŒμŠ€νŠΈ2");
    person2.showName(); //ν…ŒμŠ€νŠΈ2
}
  • μ—°μ‚°μž μ˜€λ²„λ‘œλ”©

    • 기쑴에 μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜λŠ” μ—°μ‚°μžλ§Œ μ •μ˜ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€.

    • 멀버 μ—°μ‚°μž(.), λ²”μœ„ μ§€μ • μ—°μ‚°μž(::) λ“±μ˜ λͺ‡λͺ‡ μ—°μ‚°μžλŠ” μ˜€λ²„λ‘œλ”© μ²˜λ¦¬ν•  수 μ—†λ‹€.

    • ν”Όμ—°μ‚°μžμ˜ 개수 κ·œμΉ™ λ“± 기본적인 μ—°μ‚°μžμ˜ κ·œμΉ™μ„ λ”°λΌμ•Όν•œλ‹€.

    • μ˜€λ²„λ‘œλ”©μ΄ 된 μ—°μ‚°μžμ˜ ν”Όμ—°μ‚°μž 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ” μ‚¬μš©μž μ •μ˜ μžλ£Œν˜•μ΄μ–΄μ•Όλ§Œ ν•œλ‹€.

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

class Person {
private: 
    string name;
public:
    Person() { name = "ν…ŒμŠ€νŠΈ"; }
    Person( string name ) : name(name) { }
    // μ—°μ‚°μž μ˜€λ²„λΌμ΄λ”©
    Person operator +(const Person& other) { return Person(name + " & "+ other.name);}

    void showName(){
        cout << name << endl;
    }    
};

int main(void){
    Person person1;
    Person person2("ν…ŒμŠ€νŠΈ2");
    Person result = person1 + person2;
    result.showName(); // ν…ŒμŠ€νŠΈ & ν…ŒμŠ€νŠΈ2
}

μΊ‘μŠν™”(Encapsulation)

μΊ‘μŠν™”λŠ” κ΄€λ ¨λœ ν•¨μˆ˜μ˜ 멀버듀은 λ˜λ„λ‘ ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ ν΄λž˜μŠ€μ—μ„œ κ΄€λ¦¬ν•˜λŠ” 것이닀. λ˜ν•œ, 같이 μ‹€ν–‰λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ” κΈ°λŠ₯듀도 ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ ν΄λž˜μŠ€μ— λ„£μ–΄μ„œ μ‘μ§‘λœ κΈ°λŠ₯을 κ°€μ§ˆ 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ν•΄μ•Όν•œλ‹€.

c++μ—μ„œλŠ” 기본적으둜 멀버 λ³€μˆ˜μ— μ ‘κ·Όν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” public 멀버 ν•¨μˆ˜(getter)λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•΄μ•Όν•œλ‹€. λ‹€λ§Œ νŠΉμ •ν•œ 객체의 멀버 ν•¨μˆ˜κ°€ μ•„λ‹Œ κ²½μš°μ—λ„ private 멀버에 μ ‘κ·Όν•΄μ•Ό ν•  λ•Œκ°€ μžˆλ‹€. μ΄λ•Œ friend ν‚€μ›Œλ“œλ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•˜λ©΄ νŠΉμ •ν•œ 객체의 λͺ¨λ“  멀버에 μ ‘κ·Όν•  수 μžˆλ‹€.

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

class Student {
private:
    int studentId;
    string name;

public:
    Student(int studentId, string name) : studentId(studentId), name(name) { }
    // friend ν‚€μ›Œλ“œλ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•΄ λ°”λ‘œ student.name, other.name κ³Ό 같이 λ°”λ‘œ μ ‘κ·Όν•  수 μžˆλ‹€.
    friend Student operator +(const Student &student, const Student &other) {
        return Student(student.studentId, student.name + " & " + other.name);
    }
    void showName() { cout << "이름: " << name << '\n'; }
};

int main(void) {
    Student student(1, "ν…ŒμŠ€νŠΈ");
    Student result = student + student;
    result.showName();
}

Friend Class

두 ν΄λž˜μŠ€κ°€ μ„œλ‘œ λ°€μ ‘ν•œ 연관성이 있으며, μƒλŒ€λ°©μ˜ private에 μ ‘κ·Όν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€λ©΄ 클래슀 자체λ₯Ό Friend둜 μ„ μ–Έν•  수 μžˆλ‹€.

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <ctime>

using namespace std;

class Time {
    // friend classλ₯Ό μ„ μ–Έν•΄μ£Όλ©΄ Date classμ—μ„œ Time class 이용이 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ‹€.
    friend class Date;
private:
    int hour, min, sec;
public:
    void setCurrentTime() {
        time_t currentTime =  time(NULL);
        struct tm *p = localtime(&currentTime);
        hour = p->tm_hour;
        min = p->tm_min;
        sec = p->tm_sec;
    }
};

class Data{
private:
    int year, month, day;
public:
    Date(int year, int month, int day) : year(year), month(month), day(day){ }
    // friend classμ΄λ―€λ‘œ λ°”λ‘œ μ ‘κ·Όν•  수 μžˆλ‹€.
    void show(const Time &t) {
        cout << "μ§€μ •λœ λ‚ μ§œ : " << year << "λ…„ " << month << "μ›” " << day << "일 " << '\n';
        cout << "μ§€μ •λœ λ‚ μ§œ : " << t.hour << ":" << t.min << ":" << t.sec << '\n';
    }
};

int main(void){
    Time time;
    time.setCurrentTime();
    Date date = Date(2019, 12, 22);
    date.show(time);
}

정적 멀버

ν΄λž˜μŠ€μ— ν¬ν•¨λ˜μ–΄μžˆλŠ” λ©€λ²„μ΄μ§€λ§Œ λͺ¨λ“  객체가 κ³΅μœ ν•˜λŠ” 멀버이닀. μ •μ μœΌλ‘œ μ„ μ–Έλœ λ©€λ²„λŠ” λ©”λͺ¨λ¦¬ 상에 였직 ν•˜λ‚˜λ§Œ ν• λ‹Ήλ˜μ–΄ κ΄€λ¦¬λœλ‹€. 정적멀버λ₯Ό public 으둜 μ„ μ–Έν•˜λ©΄ μ™ΈλΆ€μ˜ μ–΄λ– ν•œ ν΄λž˜μŠ€μ—μ„œλ„ 접근이 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ©°, 정적 λ©€λ²„λŠ” 일반적으둜 싱글톀 νŒ¨ν„΄λ“±μ˜ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ κΈ°λŠ₯을 μœ„ν•΄ μ‚¬μš©λœλ‹€.

class Person {
private:
    string name;
public:
    // 정적 λ³€μˆ˜
    static int count;
    Person(string name) : name(name) {
        count ++;
    }
};

int Person::count = 0;

int main(void) {
    Person p1("ν…ŒμŠ€νŠΈ1");
    Person p2("ν…ŒμŠ€νŠΈ2");
    Person p3("ν…ŒμŠ€νŠΈ3");
    cout << Person::count << endl; // 3
}

μƒμˆ˜ 멀버(Constant Member)

호좜된 객체의 데이터λ₯Ό λ³€κ²½ν•  수 μ—†λŠ” 멀버

class Person {
private:
    const int id;
    string name;
public:
    // 정적 λ³€μˆ˜
    static int count;
    Person(int id, string name) : id(id), name(name) {
        count ++;
    }
};

int Person::count = 0;

int main(void) {
    Person p1(1, "ν…ŒμŠ€νŠΈ1");
    Person p2(2, "ν…ŒμŠ€νŠΈ2");
    Person p3(3, "ν…ŒμŠ€νŠΈ3");
    cout << Person::count << endl; // 3
}

λ‹€ν˜•μ„±(Polymorphism)

μ—¬λŸ¬ 개의 μ„œλ‘œ λ‹€λ₯Έ 객체가 λ™μΌν•œ κΈ°λŠ₯을 μ„œλ‘œ λ‹€λ₯Έ λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ μ²˜λ¦¬ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” κΈ°λŠ₯을 의미. 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ κ²Œμž„μ—μ„œ μΉΌ, λŒ€ν¬, 총은 '곡격'μ΄λΌλŠ” λ™μΌν•œ κΈ°λŠ₯을 μˆ˜ν–‰ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€.

μΆ”μƒν΄λž˜μŠ€(Abstract Class)둜 λ™μΌν•œ κΈ°λŠ₯을 κ΅¬ν˜„ν•˜λ©΄ 효과적으둜 섀계할 수 μžˆλ‹€.

C++ μ»΄νŒŒμΌλŸ¬λŠ” 포인터 λ³€μˆ˜κ°€ 가리킀고 μžˆλŠ” λ³€μˆ˜μ˜ νƒ€μž…μ„ κΈ°μ€€μœΌλ‘œ ν•¨μˆ˜λ₯Ό ν˜ΈμΆœν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³ , ν¬μΈν„°μ˜ νƒ€μž…μ„ κΈ°μ€€μœΌλ‘œ ν•¨μˆ˜λ₯Ό ν˜ΈμΆœν•œλ‹€. 즉, AλΌλŠ” 객체λ₯Ό κ°€λ¦¬ν‚€λŠ” 포인터 λ³€μˆ˜λŠ” A객체의 멀버 ν•¨μˆ˜λ§Œμ„ ν˜ΈμΆœν•  수 μžˆλ‹€.

class A{
public:
    void show() {
        cout << "A class" << endl;
    }
};

class B : public A{
public:
    void show() {
        cout << "B class" << endl;
    }
};

int main(void){
    A* p;
    A a;
    B b;
    p = &a;
    p->show(); // A class
    p = &b;
    p->show(); // A class
}

pλΌλŠ” 포인터가 A객체의 νƒ€μž…μ„ 가리킀기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— A class의 show()λ₯Ό ν˜ΈμΆœν•˜λŠ” 것을 λ³Ό 수 μžˆλ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 것을 정적 바인딩이라고 ν•œλ‹€.

동적바인딩(Dynamic Binding)

C++λŠ” νŠΉμ •ν•œ ν•¨μˆ˜λ₯Ό ν˜ΈμΆœν•  λ•Œ ν•΄λ‹Ή ν•¨μˆ˜μ˜ 루틴이 기둝된 λ©”λͺ¨λ¦¬ μ£Όμ†Œλ₯Ό μ°Ύμ•„μ•Όν•œλ‹€. νŠΉμ •ν•œ ν•¨μˆ˜λ₯Ό ν˜ΈμΆœν•˜λŠ” μ†ŒμŠ€μ½”λ“œμ—μ„œ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ ν•¨μˆ˜κ°€ μ •μ˜λœ λ©”λͺ¨λ¦¬ 곡간을 μ°ΎκΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” Binding 과정이 ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€.

일반적으둜 ν•¨μˆ˜μ˜ ν˜ΈμΆœμ€ 컴파일 μ‹œκΈ°μ— κ³ μ •λœ λ©”λͺ¨λ¦¬ μ£Όμ†Œλ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•œλ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 방식을 정적 바인딩(Static Binding)이라고 ν•œλ‹€. 일반적인 멀버 ν•¨μˆ˜λŠ” λͺ¨λ‘ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 정적 바인딩을 μ‚¬μš©ν•œλ‹€.

λ‹€λ§Œ 가상 ν•¨μˆ˜λŠ” ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ΄ 싀행될 λ•Œ 객체λ₯Ό κ²°μ •ν•˜λŠ” μ μ—μ„œ 컴파일 μ‹œκ°„μ— 객체λ₯Ό νŠΉμ •ν•  수 μ—†λ‹€. κ°€μƒν•¨μˆ˜λŠ” μ‹€ν–‰ μ‹œκ°„ λ•Œ μ˜¬λ°”λ₯Έ ν•¨μˆ˜κ°€ 싀행될 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ 동적바인딩을 μ‚¬μš©ν•œλ‹€.

class A{
public:
    virtual void show() {
        cout << "A class" << endl;
    }
};

class B : public A{
public:
    virtual void show() {
        cout << "B class" << endl;
    }
};

int main(void){
    A* p;
    A a;
    B b;
    p = &a;
    p->show(); // A class
    p = &b;
    p->show(); // B class
}

κ°€μƒν•¨μˆ˜

μ»΄νŒŒμΌλŸ¬λŠ” 가상 ν•¨μˆ˜ ν…Œμ΄λΈ”(Virtual Function Table)을 μ΄μš©ν•΄ 가상 ν•¨μˆ˜λ₯Ό λ‹€λ£¨κ²Œ λ˜λŠ”λ°, μ»΄νŒŒμΌλŸ¬λŠ” 각각의 κ°μ²΄λ§ˆλ‹€ 가상 ν•¨μˆ˜ ν…Œμ΄λΈ”μ„ κ°€λ¦¬ν‚€λŠ” 포인터λ₯Ό μ €μž₯ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ 멀버λ₯Ό μ €μž₯ν•œλ‹€.

가상 ν•¨μˆ˜λ₯Ό ν˜ΈμΆœν•˜λ©΄ 가상 ν•¨μˆ˜ ν…Œμ΄λΈ”μ— μ ‘κ·Όν•˜μ—¬ μžμ‹ μ΄ ν•„μš”ν•œ ν•¨μˆ˜μ˜ μ£Όμ†Œλ₯Ό μ°Ύμ•„ ν˜ΈμΆœν•˜κ²Œ λœλ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 과정은 동적 바인딩을 톡해 μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ§€λ―€λ‘œ μ»΄ν“¨νŒ… λ¦¬μ†ŒμŠ€λ₯Ό μ†Œλͺ¨ν•˜κ²Œλœλ‹€.

즉, μžμ‹ ν΄λž˜μŠ€κ°€ μž¬μ •μ˜ν•  κ°€λŠ₯성이 μžˆλŠ” 멀버 ν•¨μˆ˜λ“€μ€ 가상 ν•¨μˆ˜λ‘œ μ„ μ–Έν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ’‹λ‹€.

  • 가상 클래슀의 μ†Œλ©Έμž

상속 관계가 μž‡μœΌλ©΄μ„œ, λ™μ‹œμ— λ©”λͺ¨λ¦¬ ν•΄μ œλ₯Ό ν•΄μ•Όν•˜λŠ” κ²½μš°μ—λŠ” λΆ€λͺ¨ 클래슀의 μ†Œλ©Έμžλ₯Ό κ°€μƒν•¨μˆ˜λ‘œ μ„ μ–Έν•΄μ•Όν•œλ‹€. λΆ€λͺ¨ ν¬μΈν„°λ‘œ 객체λ₯Ό μ‚­μ œν•˜λ©΄ λΆ€λͺ¨ 클래슀의 μ†Œλ©Έμžκ°€ 호좜되기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄λ‹€.

  • 순수 가상 ν•¨μˆ˜(Pure Virtual Function) : μžμ‹ ν΄λž˜μŠ€μ—μ„œ λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ μž¬μ •μ˜λ₯Ό ν•΄μ£Όμ–΄μ•Όν•˜λŠ” ν•¨μˆ˜μ΄λ‹€. 일반적으둜 순수 가상 ν•¨μˆ˜λŠ” λΆ€λͺ¨ ν΄λž˜μŠ€μ—μ„œ ν•¨μˆ˜ λ™μž‘μ„ μ •μ˜ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμœΌλ©°, μžμ‹ ν΄λž˜μŠ€μ—μ„œ λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ μ •μ˜ν•΄μ•Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€. =0 ν‚€μ›Œλ“œλ₯Ό λΆ™μ—¬μ„œ μ„ μ–Έν•  수 μžˆλ‹€.

class A{
public:
    // 순수 가상 ν•¨μˆ˜
    virtual void show()=0 {
        cout << "A class" << endl;
    }
};

class B : public A{
public:
    virtual void show() {
        cout << "B class" << endl;
    }
};

int main(void){
    A* p;
    B b;
    p = &b;
    p->show();
}

μΆ”μƒν΄λž˜μŠ€

즉, μΆ”μƒν΄λž˜μŠ€λž€ ν•˜λ‚˜ μ΄μƒμ˜ 순수 가상 ν•¨μˆ˜λ₯Ό ν¬ν•¨ν•˜λŠ” 클래슀λ₯Ό μ˜λ―Έν•œλ‹€. μžμ‹ ν΄λž˜μŠ€λŠ” 좔상 클래슀λ₯Ό 상속 받은 이후에 λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ 순수 가상 ν•¨μˆ˜λ₯Ό λͺ¨λ‘ μ˜€λ²„λΌμ΄λ”© ν•΄μ•Ό λΉ„λ‘œμ†Œ ν•΄λ‹Ή 객체λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€.

ν…œν”Œλ¦Ώ

Template을 μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬ Generic Programming을 μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€.

generic programming은 데이터 ν˜•μ‹μ— μ˜μ‘΄ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³ , ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 값이 μ—¬λŸ¬ λ‹€λ₯Έ 데이터 νƒ€μž…λ“€μ„ κ°€μ§ˆ 수 μžˆλŠ” κΈ°μˆ μ— 쀑점을 두어 μž¬μ‚¬μš©μ„±μ„ 높일 수 μžˆλŠ” ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž˜λ° 방식

Template은 λ§€κ°œλ³€μˆ˜μ˜ νƒ€μž…μ— λ”°λΌμ„œ ν•¨μˆ˜ 및 클래슀λ₯Ό μ†μ‰½κ²Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ν•΄μ€€λ‹€. Template을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λ©΄ νƒ€μž…λ§ˆλ‹€ λ³„λ„μ˜ ν•¨μˆ˜λ‚˜ 클래슀λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ§€ μ•Šκ³ , λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ νƒ€μž…μ—μ„œ λ™μž‘ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 단 ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 객체λ₯Ό μ •μ˜ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€.

// template μ„ μ–Έ
template <typename T>

ν•¨μˆ˜ ν…œν”Œλ¦Ώ(Function Template)

Function Template은 각각의 μžλ£Œν˜•μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 처음으둜 호좜될 λ•Œ, c++ μ»΄νŒŒμΌλŸ¬λŠ” ν•΄λ‹Ή νƒ€μž…μ˜ μΈμŠ€ν„΄μŠ€λ₯Ό μƒμ„±ν•˜κ²Œ λœλ‹€. (string type이 λ“€μ–΄μ˜€λ©΄ string type의 ν•¨μˆ˜ μΈμŠ€ν„΄μŠ€λ₯Ό 생성)

  • λͺ…μ‹œμ  νŠΉμˆ˜ν™”(Explicit Specialization)

ν•¨μˆ˜ ν…œν”Œλ¦Ώμ€ νŠΉμ •ν•œ νƒ€μž…μ— λŒ€ν•΄ λͺ…μ‹œμ  νŠΉμˆ˜ν™” κΈ°λŠ₯을 μ œκ³΅ν•œλ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λͺ…μ‹œμ  νŠΉμˆ˜ν™”λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•˜λ©΄, νŠΉμ •ν•œ νƒ€μž…μ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ νŠΉμˆ˜ν•œ κΈ°λŠ₯을 μ •μ˜ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€. μ»΄νŒŒμΌλŸ¬λŠ” 호좜된 ν•¨μˆ˜μ— λŒ€μ‘ν•˜λŠ” νŠΉμˆ˜ν™”λœ μ •μ˜λ₯Ό λ°œκ²¬ν•œ μ΄ν›„μ—λŠ” ν•΄λ‹Ή μ •μ˜λ§Œμ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•œλ‹€. (효과적으둜 λ©”λͺ¨λ¦¬λ₯Ό 이용)

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

// template μ„ μ–Έ
template <typename T>
// λ”°λ‘œ νƒ€μž…μ„ μ„ μ–Έν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€.
// template을 μ‚¬μš©ν•΄ μžλ£Œν˜•μ— μ œν•œ λ°›μ§€ μ•Šκ³  ν•¨μˆ˜λ₯Ό κ΅¬ν˜„ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€.
void change(T& a, T& b){
    T temp;
    temp = a;
    a = b;
    b = temp;
}

// λͺ…μ‹œμ  νŠΉμˆ˜ν™”
template <> void change<int>(int& a, int& b){
    cout << "μ •μˆ˜ν˜• 데이터λ₯Ό ꡐ체" << endl;
    int temp;
    temp = a;
    a=b;
    b=temp;
}
int main(void){
    int a = 6;
    int b = 8;

    cout << a << ':' << b << endl;
    swap(a,b);
    cout << a << ':' << b << endl;
}

클래슀 ν…œν”Œλ¦Ώ

클래슀λ₯Ό μΌλ°˜ν™”ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ Class Template을 μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€. Class Template을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λ©΄ μžλ£Œν˜•μ— λ”°λΌμ„œ λ‹€λ₯΄κ²Œ λ™μž‘ν•˜λŠ” 클래슀 집합을 λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆλ‹€.

template <typename T>
class Data{
private:
    T data;
public:
    Data(T data) : data(data) { }
    void setData(T data){ this->data = data; }
    T getData() { return data; }
};
int main(void){
    Data<int> data1(1);
    Data<string> data2("test");
    cout << data1.getData() << data2.getData() << endl;
}
  • default template arguments

template <typename T = int>

Smart Pointer

νž™ μ˜μ—­μ— 동적 ν• λ‹Ή(new)된 λ©”λͺ¨λ¦¬λ₯Ό ν•΄μ œν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” delete ν‚€μ›Œλ“œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ”λ°, λ©”λͺ¨λ¦¬λ₯Ό ν•΄μ œν•΄μ£Όμ§€ μ•ŠμœΌλ©΄ νž™ 곡간에 κ³„μ†ν•΄μ„œ μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— λ©”λͺ¨λ¦¬ λˆ„μˆ˜(Memory Leak)κ°€ λ°œμƒν•  수 μžˆλ‹€. 이λ₯Ό λ°©μ§€ν•˜κΈ°μœ„ν•œ μˆ˜λ‹¨μœΌλ‘œ ν¬μΈν„°μ²˜λŸΌ λ™μž‘ν•˜λŠ” class template인 슀마트 포인터(Smart Pointer)λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€. 슀마트 포인터λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•˜λ©΄ λ©”λͺ¨λ¦¬ λˆ„μˆ˜λ₯Ό 더 효과적으둜 λ°©μ§€ν•  수 μžˆμ–΄ 컴퓨터 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ˜ μ•ˆμ •μ„±μ„ 높일 수 μžˆλ‹€.

Java, C#, python λ“±λ“±μ—μ„œλŠ” garbage collectorκ°€ 쓰이지 μ•ŠλŠ” 객체듀을 μˆ˜κ±°ν•˜λŠ” 역할을 ν•œλ‹€.

κΈ°λ³Έμ μœΌλ‘œλŠ” new ν‚€μ›Œλ“œλ‘œ νŠΉμ •ν•œ λ©”λͺ¨λ¦¬ μ£Όμ†Œλ₯Ό 가리킀도둝 μ΄ˆκΈ°ν™” ν•œ ν›„ 슀마트 포인터에 ν•΄λ‹Ή 포인터λ₯Ό λ„£μ–΄μ„œ μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€. 슀마트 ν¬μΈν„°λŠ” 수λͺ…을 λ‹€ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ delete ν‚€μ›Œλ“œλ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•΄ ν• λ‹Ήλœ λ©”λͺ¨λ¦¬λ“€μ„ μžλ™μœΌλ‘œ ν•΄μ œν•˜λŠ” κΈ°λŠ₯을 μˆ˜ν–‰ν•œλ‹€.

  • unique_ptr : ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 슀마트 포인터가 νŠΉμ •ν•œ 객체λ₯Ό μ²˜λ¦¬ν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ν•œλ‹€. νŠΉμ •ν•œ 객체의 μ†Œμœ κΆŒμ„ κ°€μ§€κ³  μžˆμ„λ•Œλ§Œ μ†Œλ©Έμžκ°€ 객체λ₯Ό μ‚­μ œν•  수 μžˆλ‹€.

    unique_ptr<int> p1(new int(10));
    unique_ptr<int> p2;

    cout << "p1 "<< p1 <<  " p2 " << p2 << '\n';
    cout << "p1 "<< *p1 << '\n'; //p1 10
    p2 = move(p1); // μ†Œμœ κΆŒ 이전
    cout << "p1 "<< p1 <<  " p2 " << p2 << '\n';
    p2.reset(); // λ©”λͺ¨λ¦¬ ν• λ‹Ή ν•΄μ œ
    cout << "p1 "<< p1 <<  " p2 " << p2 << '\n';
    // p1 0x7f7f7fc02750 p2 0x0
        // p1 0x0 p2 0x7f7f7fc02750
        // p1 0x0 p2 0x0
  • shared_ptr : νŠΉμ •ν•œ 객체λ₯Ό μ°Έμ‘°ν•˜λŠ” 슀마트 포인터가 총 λͺ‡κ°œμΈμ§€λ₯Ό μ°Έμ‘°, νŠΉμ •ν•œ 객체λ₯Ό μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 슀마트 포인터가 μ°Έμ‘°ν•  λ•Œλ§ˆλ‹€ μ°Έμ‘° 횟수(Reference Count)κ°€ 1μ”© 증가, 각 슀마트 ν¬μΈν„°μ˜ 수λͺ…이 λ‹€ν•  λ•Œλ§ˆλ‹€ 1μ”© κ°μ†Œν•œλ‹€. 결과적으둜 μ°Έμ‘° νšŸμˆ˜κ°€ 0이 되면 deleteν‚€μ›Œλ“œλ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•΄ λ©”λͺ¨λ¦¬μ—μ„œ 데이터λ₯Ό μžλ™μœΌλ‘œ ν• λ‹Ή ν•΄μ œν•œλ‹€.

int* arr = new int[10];
    arr[8] = 100;
    shared_ptr<int> p1(arr);
    cout << p1.use_count() << '\n'; // 1
    shared_ptr<int> p2(p1);
    cout << p1.use_count() << '\n'; // 2
    shared_ptr<int> p3=p2;
    cout << p1.use_count() << '\n'; // 3

    p1.reset();
    p2.reset();
    cout << p1.use_count() << '\n'; // 0
    p3.reset();
  • weak_ptr : ν•˜λ‚˜ μ΄μƒμ˜ shared_ptr μΈμŠ€ν„΄μŠ€κ°€ μ†Œμœ ν•˜λŠ” 객체에 λŒ€ν•œ μ ‘κ·Όν•  수 μžˆλ‹€. ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ ν•΄λ‹Ή 객체의 μ†Œμœ μžμ˜ μˆ˜μ—λŠ” ν¬ν•¨λ˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€.

    int* arr = new int(1);
    shared_ptr<int> sp1(arr);
    weak_ptr<int> wp = sp1; // wpλŠ” μ°Έμ‘° 횟수 κ³„μ‚°μ—μ„œ μ œμ™Έλ¨.

    cout << sp1.use_count() << '\n'; // 1
    cout << wp.use_count() << '\n';  // 1

    if(true){
        shared_ptr<int> spw = wp.lock(); // shared_ptr point λ°˜ν™˜
        cout << sp1.use_count() << '\n'; // 2
        cout << wp.use_count() << '\n';     // 2
    }
    // scopeλ₯Ό λ²—μ–΄λ‚˜λ―€λ‘œ sp2 ν•΄μ œ
    cout << sp1.use_count() << '\n';    // 1
    cout << wp.use_count() << '\n';     // 1
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